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如何為WordPress做安全防護?

  最近看了infosec 出品的<<Protecting WordPress Installations in an IaaS Environment》,決定給裸奔的wordpress做做安全加固。

  wordpress是國人搭建個人博客的首選,其地位等同于論壇搭建首選discuz(話說,discuz才報出全局變量繞過導致的命令執行大洞,唉,開源的APP都是不產蜜而產getshell的蜂巢)

  wordpress以豐富的插件(插件漏洞)聞名,因此攻擊者一般會對wordpress來個指紋識別(除去找暴力破解/社工后臺登陸口的快捷方法)

  一、wpscan  – WordPress指紋識別及漏洞檢查工具

  該網站被喪心病狂的GFW封掉了,翻墻吧psiphon搔年,或者使用滲透套裝kali(重點不是wpscan,了解攻擊才能給出相應防御措施)

  a.安裝

  以ubuntu安裝為例

  apt-get install libcurl4-gnutls-dev libxml2 libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev ruby-dev build-essential

  git clone https://github.com/wpscanteam/wpscan.git

  cd wpscan/

  gem install bundler && bundle install –without test

  b.基本使用

  枚舉站點信息:用戶名、插件、樣式等信息

  ruby wpscan.rb –url www.tanjiti.com –enumerate

  以下是探測結果樣本

  [+] URL: http://www.tanjiti.com

  [+] Started: Tue Oct 28 15:46:30 2014

  [!] The WordPress 'http://www.tanjiti.com/readme.html' file exists

  [+] XML-RPC Interface available under: http://www.tanjiti.com/xmlrpc.php

  [!] Upload directory has directory listing enabled: http://www.tanjiti.com/wp-content/uploads/

  [+] WordPress version 4.0 identified from meta generator

  [+] WordPress theme in use: twentyfourteen – v1.2

  [+] Name: twentyfourteen – v1.2

  |  Location: http://www.tanjiti.com/wp-content/themes/twentyfourteen/

  |  Style URL: http://www.tanjiti.com/wp-content/themes/twentyfourteen/style.css

  |  Referenced style.css: http://www.tanjiti.com/wp-content/themes/twentyfourteen/style.css

  |  Theme Name: Twenty Fourteen

  |  Theme URI: http://wordpress.org/themes/twentyfourteen

  |  Description: In 2014, our default theme lets you create a responsive magazine website with a sleek, modern des…

  |  Author: the WordPress team

  |  Author URI: http://wordpress.org/

  [+] Enumerating installed plugins (only vulnerable ones) …

  Time: 00:00:37 <==============================================> (880 / 880) 100.00% Time: 00:00:37

  [+] No plugins found

  [+] Enumerating installed themes (only vulnerable ones) …

  Time: 00:00:16 <==============================================> (308 / 308) 100.00% Time: 00:00:16

  [+] No themes found

  [+] Enumerating timthumb files …

  Time: 00:01:48 <============================================> (2539 / 2539) 100.00% Time: 00:01:48

  [+] No timthumb files found

  [+] Enumerating usernames …

  [+] Identified the following 1 user/s:

  +—-+———+———+

  | Id | Login   | Name    |

  +—-+———+———+

  | 1  | tanjiti | tanjiti |

  +—-+———+———+

  [+] Finished: Tue Oct 28 15:49:34 2014

  察看詳細的探測信息

  ruby wpscan.rb –url www.tanjiti.com –debug-output –random-agent >debug.log

  (注意:wpscan 默認User-Agent為WPScan v2.5.1 (http://wpscan.org),掃描器使用常識之一使用正常變化的ua,避免觸發WAF之類的防御部署)

  基本察看LOG,我們就可以知道wpscan是如何收集信息

  例如檢查響應頭X-Pingback: http://www.tanjiti.com/xmlrpc.php 頭 (xmlrpc漏洞)

  檢查xmlrpc.php (xmlrpc漏洞)

  檢查robots.txt文件 (敏感信息泄露)

  檢查readme.html文件(敏感信息泄露)

  檢查/wp-content/debug.log(敏感信息泄露)

  檢查配置文件(能夠明文讀取配置文件基本就是掛掉了),wp-config.php.swo,%23wp-config.php%23,wp-config.orig,wp-config.php_bak,wp-config.original,wp-config.php.orig,wp-config.php.old,.wp-config.php.swp,wp-config.php.save,wp-config.bak,wp-config.txt,wp-config.php~ ,wp-config.save ,wp-config.old,wp-config.php.swp (敏感信息泄露)

  識別指紋后,一般會去漏洞信息庫中查找可以利用的漏洞,例如MSF

  二、MSF-wordpress漏洞利用(已方使用就是漏洞掃描)

  msf > search wordpress

  Matching Modules

  ================

  Name                                                      Disclosure Date  Rank       Description

  —-                                                      —————  —-       ———–

  auxiliary/admin/http/wp_custom_contact_forms              2014-08-07       normal     WordPress custom-contact-forms Plugin SQL Upload

  auxiliary/dos/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_dos                   2014-08-06       normal     WordPress XMLRPC DoS

  以前段時間有名的XMLRPC DoS為例(漏洞說明見 《[科普]什么是 billion laughs-WordPress與Drupal的DoS攻擊有感》)

  msf > use auxiliary/dos/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_dos

  msf auxiliary(wordpress_xmlrpc_dos) > show options

  Module options (auxiliary/dos/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_dos):

  Name       Current Setting  Required  Description

  —-       —————  ——–  ———–

  Proxies                     no        Use a proxy chain

  RHOST                       yes       The target address

  RLIMIT     1000             yes       Number of requests to send

  RPORT      80               yes       The target port

  TARGETURI  /                yes       The base path to the wordpress application

  VHOST                       no        HTTP server virtual host

  msf auxiliary(wordpress_xmlrpc_dos) > set RHOST www.tanjiti.com

  RHOST => xxx

  msf auxiliary(wordpress_xmlrpc_dos) > set TARGETURI /

  TARGETURI => /wordpress/wordpress/

  msf auxiliary(wordpress_xmlrpc_dos) > run

  (再次強調,重點不是Metasploit,了解攻擊才能給出相應防御措施)

  三、wordpress防護——使用ModSecurity進行防護

  安裝及規則編寫的基礎知識見《[科普文]ubuntu上安裝Apache2+ModSecurity及自定義WAF規則》

  vim /usr/share/modsecurity-crs/activated_rules/MY.conf

  (1) 添加防御xmlrpc漏洞的規則

  SecRule REQUEST_URI "@endsWith /xmlrpc.php" "deny,tag:'WEB_ATTACK/WORDPRESS',msg:'block wordpress xmlrpc.php',id:0000003,phase:2"

  service apache2 restart

  使用MSF發送攻擊包

  msf auxiliary(wordpress_xmlrpc_dos) > use auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_pingback_access

  msf auxiliary(wordpress_pingback_access) > show options

  Module options (auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_pingback_access):

  Name       Current Setting  Required  Description

  —-       —————  ——–  ———–

  Proxies                     no        Use a proxy chain

  RHOSTS                      yes       The target address range or CIDR identifier

  RPORT      80               yes       The target port

  TARGETURI  /                yes       The path to wordpress installation (e.g. /wordpress/)

  THREADS    1                yes       The number of concurrent threads

  VHOST                       no        HTTP server virtual host

  msf auxiliary(wordpress_pingback_access) > set RHOSTS www.tanjiti.com

  RHOSTS => xxx

  msf auxiliary(wordpress_pingback_access) > set TARGETURI /

  TARGETURI => /wordpress/wordpress/

  msf auxiliary(wordpress_pingback_access) > run

  可以看到攔截日志如下

  Message: Warning. String match "/xmlrpc.php" at REQUEST_URI. [file "/usr/share/modsecurity-crs/activa

  ted_rules/MY.conf"] [line "4"] [id "0000003"] [msg "block wordpress xmlrpc.php"] [tag "WEB_ATTACK/WOR

  DPRESS"]

  (2) 添加防御wpscan默認掃描頭的規則

  SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:User-Agent "@contains wpscan" "t:lowercase,deny,tag:'WEB_ATTACK/WORDPRESS',ms

  g:'block wpscanner default useragent',id:0000004,phase:1"

  再次運行wpscan,可以看到攔截日志如下

  essage: Warning. String match "wpscan" at REQUEST_HEADERS:User-Agent. [file "/usr/share/modsecurity-

  crs/activated_rules/MY.conf"] [line "6"] [id "0000004"] [msg "block wpscanner default useragent"] [ta

  g "WEB_ATTACK/WORDPRESS"]

  大伙可以針對性地添加規則,對個人網站而已,添加白規則較之黑規則會事半功倍,這里的示例規則僅僅是拋磚引玉。

  四、wordpress防護——屏蔽敏感信息訪問

  vim /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

  <FilesMatch ".(sw[po]|old|save|bak|orig(?:inal)?|php(?:~|_bak|x23))$">

  Require all denied

  </FilesMatch>

  service apache2 restart

  五、wordpress防護——啟用安全頭

  vim /etc/apache2/conf-available/security.conf

  (1) 防止在IE9、chrome和safari中的MIME類型混淆攻擊

  Header set X-Content-Type-Options: "nosniff"

  (2) 防止clickjacking,只允許遵守同源策略的資源(和站點同源)通過frame加載那些受保護的資源。

  Header set X-Frame-Options: "sameorigin"

  (3) 開啟xss防護并通知瀏覽器阻止而不是過濾用戶注入的腳本。

  Header set X-XSS-Protection "1;mode=block"

  service apache2 restart

  六、wordpress防護——登陸口防爆破

  一般的方法是設置一個登陸口白名單,但現在越來越多的網站使用CDN服務,明顯不再是個好的防護方案

  安裝Login LockDown 插件,wordpress后臺插件管理處搜索即可,設置也超級簡單

  設置實例:

  wordpress 安全防護 – 碳基體 – 碳基體

  如果在5分鐘失敗3次就會封鎖IP60分鐘

 

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