最近看了infosec 出品的<<Protecting WordPress Installations in an IaaS Environment》,決定給裸奔的wordpress做做安全加固。
wordpress是國(guó)人搭建個(gè)人博客的首選,其地位等同于論壇搭建首選discuz(話說,discuz才報(bào)出全局變量繞過導(dǎo)致的命令執(zhí)行大洞,唉,開源的APP都是不產(chǎn)蜜而產(chǎn)getshell的蜂巢)
wordpress以豐富的插件(插件漏洞)聞名,因此攻擊者一般會(huì)對(duì)wordpress來個(gè)指紋識(shí)別(除去找暴力破解/社工后臺(tái)登陸口的快捷方法)
一、wpscan – WordPress指紋識(shí)別及漏洞檢查工具
該網(wǎng)站被喪心病狂的GFW封掉了,翻墻吧psiphon搔年,或者使用滲透套裝kali(重點(diǎn)不是wpscan,了解攻擊才能給出相應(yīng)防御措施)
a.安裝
以u(píng)buntu安裝為例
apt-get install libcurl4-gnutls-dev libxml2 libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev ruby-dev build-essential
git clone https://github.com/wpscanteam/wpscan.git
cd wpscan/
gem install bundler && bundle install –without test
b.基本使用
枚舉站點(diǎn)信息:用戶名、插件、樣式等信息
ruby wpscan.rb –url www.tanjiti.com –enumerate
以下是探測(cè)結(jié)果樣本
[+] URL: http://www.tanjiti.com
[+] Started: Tue Oct 28 15:46:30 2014
[!] The WordPress 'http://www.tanjiti.com/readme.html' file exists
[+] XML-RPC Interface available under: http://www.tanjiti.com/xmlrpc.php
[!] Upload directory has directory listing enabled: http://www.tanjiti.com/wp-content/uploads/
[+] WordPress version 4.0 identified from meta generator
[+] WordPress theme in use: twentyfourteen – v1.2
[+] Name: twentyfourteen – v1.2
| Location: http://www.tanjiti.com/wp-content/themes/twentyfourteen/
| Style URL: http://www.tanjiti.com/wp-content/themes/twentyfourteen/style.css
| Referenced style.css: http://www.tanjiti.com/wp-content/themes/twentyfourteen/style.css
| Theme Name: Twenty Fourteen
| Theme URI: http://wordpress.org/themes/twentyfourteen
| Description: In 2014, our default theme lets you create a responsive magazine website with a sleek, modern des…
| Author: the WordPress team
| Author URI: http://wordpress.org/
[+] Enumerating installed plugins (only vulnerable ones) …
Time: 00:00:37 <==============================================> (880 / 880) 100.00% Time: 00:00:37
[+] No plugins found
[+] Enumerating installed themes (only vulnerable ones) …
Time: 00:00:16 <==============================================> (308 / 308) 100.00% Time: 00:00:16
[+] No themes found
[+] Enumerating timthumb files …
Time: 00:01:48 <============================================> (2539 / 2539) 100.00% Time: 00:01:48
[+] No timthumb files found
[+] Enumerating usernames …
[+] Identified the following 1 user/s:
+—-+———+———+
| Id | Login | Name |
+—-+———+———+
| 1 | tanjiti | tanjiti |
+—-+———+———+
[+] Finished: Tue Oct 28 15:49:34 2014
察看詳細(xì)的探測(cè)信息
ruby wpscan.rb –url www.tanjiti.com –debug-output –random-agent >debug.log
(注意:wpscan 默認(rèn)User-Agent為WPScan v2.5.1 (http://wpscan.org),掃描器使用常識(shí)之一使用正常變化的ua,避免觸發(fā)WAF之類的防御部署)
基本察看LOG,我們就可以知道wpscan是如何收集信息
例如檢查響應(yīng)頭X-Pingback: http://www.tanjiti.com/xmlrpc.php 頭 (xmlrpc漏洞)
檢查xmlrpc.php (xmlrpc漏洞)
檢查robots.txt文件 (敏感信息泄露)
檢查readme.html文件(敏感信息泄露)
檢查/wp-content/debug.log(敏感信息泄露)
檢查配置文件(能夠明文讀取配置文件基本就是掛掉了),wp-config.php.swo,%23wp-config.php%23,wp-config.orig,wp-config.php_bak,wp-config.original,wp-config.php.orig,wp-config.php.old,.wp-config.php.swp,wp-config.php.save,wp-config.bak,wp-config.txt,wp-config.php~ ,wp-config.save ,wp-config.old,wp-config.php.swp (敏感信息泄露)
識(shí)別指紋后,一般會(huì)去漏洞信息庫中查找可以利用的漏洞,例如MSF
二、MSF-wordpress漏洞利用(已方使用就是漏洞掃描)
msf > search wordpress
Matching Modules
================
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
—- ————— —- ———–
auxiliary/admin/http/wp_custom_contact_forms 2014-08-07 normal WordPress custom-contact-forms Plugin SQL Upload
auxiliary/dos/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_dos 2014-08-06 normal WordPress XMLRPC DoS
以前段時(shí)間有名的XMLRPC DoS為例(漏洞說明見 《[科普]什么是 billion laughs-WordPress與Drupal的DoS攻擊有感》)
msf > use auxiliary/dos/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_dos
msf auxiliary(wordpress_xmlrpc_dos) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/dos/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_dos):
Name Current Setting Required Description
—- ————— ——– ———–
Proxies no Use a proxy chain
RHOST yes The target address
RLIMIT 1000 yes Number of requests to send
RPORT 80 yes The target port
TARGETURI / yes The base path to the wordpress application
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
msf auxiliary(wordpress_xmlrpc_dos) > set RHOST www.tanjiti.com
RHOST => xxx
msf auxiliary(wordpress_xmlrpc_dos) > set TARGETURI /
TARGETURI => /wordpress/wordpress/
msf auxiliary(wordpress_xmlrpc_dos) > run
(再次強(qiáng)調(diào),重點(diǎn)不是Metasploit,了解攻擊才能給出相應(yīng)防御措施)
三、wordpress防護(hù)——使用ModSecurity進(jìn)行防護(hù)
安裝及規(guī)則編寫的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)見《[科普文]ubuntu上安裝Apache2+ModSecurity及自定義WAF規(guī)則》
vim /usr/share/modsecurity-crs/activated_rules/MY.conf
(1) 添加防御xmlrpc漏洞的規(guī)則
SecRule REQUEST_URI "@endsWith /xmlrpc.php" "deny,tag:'WEB_ATTACK/WORDPRESS',msg:'block wordpress xmlrpc.php',id:0000003,phase:2"
service apache2 restart
使用MSF發(fā)送攻擊包
msf auxiliary(wordpress_xmlrpc_dos) > use auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_pingback_access
msf auxiliary(wordpress_pingback_access) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_pingback_access):
Name Current Setting Required Description
—- ————— ——– ———–
Proxies no Use a proxy chain
RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
RPORT 80 yes The target port
TARGETURI / yes The path to wordpress installation (e.g. /wordpress/)
THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
msf auxiliary(wordpress_pingback_access) > set RHOSTS www.tanjiti.com
RHOSTS => xxx
msf auxiliary(wordpress_pingback_access) > set TARGETURI /
TARGETURI => /wordpress/wordpress/
msf auxiliary(wordpress_pingback_access) > run
可以看到攔截日志如下
Message: Warning. String match "/xmlrpc.php" at REQUEST_URI. [file "/usr/share/modsecurity-crs/activa
ted_rules/MY.conf"] [line "4"] [id "0000003"] [msg "block wordpress xmlrpc.php"] [tag "WEB_ATTACK/WOR
DPRESS"]
(2) 添加防御wpscan默認(rèn)掃描頭的規(guī)則
SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:User-Agent "@contains wpscan" "t:lowercase,deny,tag:'WEB_ATTACK/WORDPRESS',ms
g:'block wpscanner default useragent',id:0000004,phase:1"
再次運(yùn)行wpscan,可以看到攔截日志如下
essage: Warning. String match "wpscan" at REQUEST_HEADERS:User-Agent. [file "/usr/share/modsecurity-
crs/activated_rules/MY.conf"] [line "6"] [id "0000004"] [msg "block wpscanner default useragent"] [ta
g "WEB_ATTACK/WORDPRESS"]
大伙可以針對(duì)性地添加規(guī)則,對(duì)個(gè)人網(wǎng)站而已,添加白規(guī)則較之黑規(guī)則會(huì)事半功倍,這里的示例規(guī)則僅僅是拋磚引玉。
四、wordpress防護(hù)——屏蔽敏感信息訪問
vim /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
<FilesMatch ".(sw[po]|old|save|bak|orig(?:inal)?|php(?:~|_bak|x23))$">
Require all denied
</FilesMatch>
service apache2 restart
五、wordpress防護(hù)——啟用安全頭
vim /etc/apache2/conf-available/security.conf
(1) 防止在IE9、chrome和safari中的MIME類型混淆攻擊
Header set X-Content-Type-Options: "nosniff"
(2) 防止clickjacking,只允許遵守同源策略的資源(和站點(diǎn)同源)通過frame加載那些受保護(hù)的資源。
Header set X-Frame-Options: "sameorigin"
(3) 開啟xss防護(hù)并通知瀏覽器阻止而不是過濾用戶注入的腳本。
Header set X-XSS-Protection "1;mode=block"
service apache2 restart
六、wordpress防護(hù)——登陸口防爆破
一般的方法是設(shè)置一個(gè)登陸口白名單,但現(xiàn)在越來越多的網(wǎng)站使用CDN服務(wù),明顯不再是個(gè)好的防護(hù)方案
安裝Login LockDown 插件,wordpress后臺(tái)插件管理處搜索即可,設(shè)置也超級(jí)簡(jiǎn)單
設(shè)置實(shí)例:
wordpress 安全防護(hù) – 碳基體 – 碳基體
如果在5分鐘失敗3次就會(huì)封鎖IP60分鐘